Ground glass opacity respiratory disorders medhelp. Groundglass opacity ggo is a radiological finding in computed tomography ct consisting of a hazy opacity that does not obscure the underlying bronchial structures or pulmonary vessels 1. Differential diagnosis and management of focal ground. Ill defined centrilobular nodules of ground glass density in a patient with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Although the differential diagnosis of ground glass opacities at highresolution ct is large, these etiologies may be broadly divided into acute or chronic causes. The causative agent usually reaches the lung via inhalation of airborne droplets or organisms localised in the nasopharynx, by haematogenous contamination from an infectious site outside the chest, or by direct spread from a site of infection. The chest ct images demonstrated bilateral, predominantly upper lobe patchy ground glass opacities. However, these changes are nonspecific and are often seen in numerous endstage interstitial lung diseases ilds. Groundglass opacity nodules ggns in the lung attract clinical attention owing to their increasing incidence, unique natural course, and association with lung adenocarcinoma. It usually has preserved vascular and bronchial markings as well, and may well be the result of an acute alveolar disease. She refuses to have an open lung biopsy until she knows whats wrong.
Ggo nodules are defined radiologically as focal areas of slightly increased. The chest ct images demonstrated bilateral, predominantly upper lobe patchy groundglass opacities. The association between baseline clinicalradiological characteristics and growth of pulmonary nodules with ground glass opacity. Sep 03, 2016 abnormalities characterized by increased lung opacity can be divided into two categories based upon their attenuation. On hrct, ggo is characterized by hazy regions of increased lung opacity or attenuation in which vessels remain visible.
The advent of computed tomography screening for lung cancer will increase the incidence of groundglass opacity ggo nodules detected and referred for diagnostic evaluation and management. Really this is a descriptor used to describe how something looks in radiology. Ground glass opacification is a radiology term that refers to a hazy area of increased attenuation in the lung on an xray, explain medical experts. If the nodule on earlier images hasnt changed in size, shape or appearance in two years, its probably noncancerous. Most lung nodules are noncancerous, but some may represent earlystage lung cancer. Can somebody please clear up ground glass opacity for me in the lungs. Sarcoid is a possibility but other pathology is also quite possible.
It can be from other diseases, unrelated to cancer at all. In radiology, ground glass opacity ggo is a nonspecific finding on computed tomography scans ct consisting of a hazy opacity that does not obscure the underlying bronchial structures or pulmonary vessels, that indicates a partial filling of air spaces in the lungs by exudate or transudate, as well as interstitial thickening or partial collapse of lung alveoli. Management of multiple pure ground glass opacity lesions in patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Its almost as if you were to describe a car as a red car. There is redemonstration of an illdefined somewhat groundglass opacity in the medial aspect of the right lower lobe which appears slightly more prominent, this is again an adjacent to moderate osteophyte. Overall, 18 patients underwent surgery for lung cancer. Groundglass opacificationopacity ggo is a descriptive term referring to an. With the national lung cancer screening trial showing a mortality benefit from low dose ct scan in lung cancer, its not likely that the number ct scans will decrease anytime soon. Persistent ground glass nodules in the lungs are worth a closer look, as they are highly associated with malignancy. Several hrct images following conventional ct imaging are often used to better show lung tissue disease. Ground glass shadowing is a generalised increase in density, which may be diffuse or patchy, unilateral or bilateral, and may be in the mid andor lower zones. What are ground glass infiltrates on an xray and what.
Ggo represents the presence of abnormalities below the resolution of hrct. The abnormal trabeculae are shorter, thinner, irregularly shaped, and more numerous, manifesting a granular appearance groundglass appearance, resembling the small fragments of a shattered windshield as seen in our case. When pathological invasiveness is defined as the presence of vascular and. It basically means a haziness, as if you were looking through ground glass as opposed to a solid mass. You may have or previously had a process causing the ground glass appearance. The most common causes of ground glass opacity include usual. The introduction of lowdose chest computed tomography ct screening into the clinical practice has led to an increase in the detection rates of lung nodules. It is a form of lung disease that looks like ground glass on xray and ct scans. Hales notes that a ground glass opacity is a radiologists characterization of how something may look on the scan. Imaging of occupational lung disease radiographics. What do we know about groundglass opacity nodules in the. The more ct scans that are performed, the more groundglass opacities ggos are seen and what to do with these abnormalities can be difficult to ascertain for clinicians. There is redemonstration of an illdefined somewhat ground glass opacity in the medial aspect of the right lower lobe which appears slightly more prominent, this is again an adjacent to moderate osteophyte. Mar 20, 2015 ground glass opacity nodules ggns in the lung attract clinical attention owing to their increasing incidence, unique natural course, and association with lung adenocarcinoma.
Each of these findings tends to be nonspecific and has a long differential diagnosis. A nodule in the lung can be from infection, irritation, or inflammation. Miled dependent atelectasis and scarring are noted. Groundglass opacity with reticulation and fibrosis definition groundglass opacity ggo appears at thinsection ct tsct as hazy increased opacity of the lung, with the preservation of bronchial and vascular margins. Reticular and linear pulmonary opacification radiology. Approach to ground glass opacification of the lung kenneth nowers, j. The exceptions are the ground glass shadows in the upper lobes vague patchy areas of ground glass ct density within the upper lobes bilaterally. Ground glass opacity ggo is the descriptive term used to refer to this hazy area. Natural history of pure groundglass opacity lung modules detected by lowdose. There is not any real glass in your lung it is just a description of haziness seen on your xray, which doctors call ground glass opacity. What is ground glass interstitial disease of the lung. Hello most likely you are talking about a ground glass appearance and altelectasis. Jul 05, 2016 a nodule in the lung can be from infection, irritation, or inflammation. If you are having any symptoms, consult your internist or pulmonologist.
Ground glass opacifications ggo are a subset of pulmonary nodules or masses with nonuniformity and less density than solid nodules. Your doctor may decide to follow it up with periodic radiology to assess stability or opt for tissue diagnosis. Ground glass opacities due to infection or another chronic interstitial disease, you may develop a hazy area of increased attenuation in your lung. Her symptoms resolved after the prednisone dose was increased to 40 mg daily.
Diagnostic accuracy increased after oral antibiotics, followup hrct and percutaneous core biopsy. Ground glass opacities often represent parenchymal abnormalities below the spatial resolution of highresolution ct of the lung. Mayo, mayo clinic, mayo clinic healthy living, and. The first thing that needs to be done is for your doctors to figure out what caused this ground glass opacity in the lung. What do we know about groundglass opacity nodules in the lung. It has been hypothesized that in patients with sarcoidosisis this density is due to alveolitis, but there is no convincing proof that. Lung infections are a source of high morbidity and mortality, especially in the elderly and immunocompromised patients, who are growing in number. Reddy, md, mph university of washington learning objectives identify lobar or rounded atelectasis describe diff dx of consolidation discuss causes of ggo differential mosaic from ggo recognize head cheese appearance. Ggos were defined by tumor shadow disappearance rate. Groundglass nodules merit scrutiny for differential. The more ct scans that are performed, the more ground glass opacities ggos are seen and what to do with these abnormalities can be difficult to ascertain for clinicians.
She had no previous pulmonary function testing, and chest imaging. The abnormal trabeculae are shorter, thinner, irregularly shaped, and more numerous, manifesting a granular appearance ground glass appearance, resembling the small fragments of a shattered windshield as seen in our case. Although this pattern may be seen in a number of conditions, it is frequently associated with pap. A long and indolent course of a ggn makes it difficult to manage. Lung hrct basic interpretation the radiology assistant. She suffers from chest pains, fatigue, and her hair has been falling out.
What are ground glass infiltrates on an xray and what does. The doctors have diagnosed that it is not a thyroid problem. Unanswered questions why barbara spear webster given a in memory of on murder she wrote. Ground glass opacities on chest xrays may be due to inflammatory or infectious causes, and occasionally hemorrhage. Mar 26, 2012 atelectasis is a collapse of the small airways in the lungs it can be found in smokers, those that have been bed ridden and after pneumonia. This type of collapse is caused when the small air sacs in your lungs deflate. Ground glass goes along with this as ground glass is an appearance of any condition that decreases the air content of the lung, without actually destroying the lung. The most common causes of ground glass opacity include usual interstitial pneumonia, nonspecific interstitial. Ground glass density is common on hrct of sarcoidosis but is not specific.
Anne leung offered an overview of how these lesions present on ct imaging at the 2008 stanford international symposium on multidetectorrow ct in las vegas. A considerable percentage of these nodules are groundglass opacity nodules ggns. Groundglass opacities are the predominant hrct finding with minimal. Groundglass opacity with reticulation, but without fibrosis crazypaving appearance definition the crazypaving appearance consists of a network of a smooth linear pattern superimposed on the area of groundglass opacity ggo on highresolution ct scans fig. Followup, groundglass opacity ggo, limited surgery, lung cancer.
Ground glass opacity is a nonspecific term that refers to the presence of increased hazy opacity within the lungs that is not associated with obscured underlying vessels obscured underlying vessels is known as consolidation. The majority of the findings on your ct scan are normal. Groundglass centrilobular nodules on multidetector ct. In radiology, ground glass opacity ggo is a nonspecific finding on computed tomography scans ct consisting of a hazy opacity that does not obscure the underlying bronchial structures or pulmonary vessels, that indicates a partial filling of air spaces in the lungs by exudate or transudate. Ground glass opacity an overview sciencedirect topics. Multiple new, peripheral densities, which had patchy, groundglass, and nodular appearances, had developed. The longterm course of ground glass opacities detected on thinsection computed tomography. A brochoscopy was performed and some samples were taken. Differential diagnosis for bilateral groundglass opacities on chest. A descriptor for a homogenous translucency in radiology, microbiology, or histology, which may obscure cellular detail, equivalent to german milchglassartig bacteriology the ground glass appearance gga refers to a shadowy pattern seen on culture plates that is midway between the greenish hue of alpha haemolysis, and. Atelectasis is a collapse of the small airways in the lungs it can be found in smokers, those that have been bed ridden and after pneumonia. Ground glass opacity lesions on computed tomography during postoperative surveillance for primary nonsmall cell lung cancer.
It can reflect minimal thickening of the septal or alveolar interstitium. Groundglass opacity is a nonspecific term that refers to the presence of increased hazy opacity within the lungs that is not associated with obscured underlying vessels obscured underlying vessels is known as consolidation. As im reading up on ground glass opacities, sometimes it seems to be described like some sort of infection almost that can be cleared up, but then other. Management of ground glass and subsolid pulmonary nodules. Jun 08, 2009 what does diffuse ground glass opacity to the lungs,most prominent in upper lungs,where there is somewhat of a mosaic answered by a verified doctor.
A multidetector ct scan was acquired for further evaluation and showed diffuse, illdefined ground glass centrilobular micronodules with an upperlobe predominance. The ct chest findings of patchy groundglass opacity and superimposed septal thickening are consistent with a pattern called crazy paving. Groundglass opacity lung nodules in the era of lung cancer ct. What is groundglass interstitial disease of the lung answers. Groundglass opacity lung nodules in the era of lung cancer. This discussion focuses on the management of incidental ggo discovered on ct scans. What are ground glass infiltrates on an xray and what does that diagnosis mean. Ground glass opacity in lungs answers on healthtap.
Isolated diffuse groundglass opacity in thoracic ct. Ground glass is an appearance on a ct of a cluster of lung cells that have changed. Groundglass opacity with reticulation radiology key. Ground glass appearance definition of ground glass. Septal thickening and groundglass opacity with a gravitational.
The present retrospective study aimed to test the validity of a multistep approach to discriminate malignant from benign localised focal ggos, identifies useful diagnostic features on computed tomography ct, and suggests appropriate management guidelines. Microscopically, enlarged airspaces surrounded by fibrosis with hyperplastic or bronchiolar type epithelium are present. The vascular branching pattern is not totally obscured. What does a ground glass lung result from a ct scan mean. Jul 30, 20 ground glass opacity ggo is a radiological finding in computed tomography ct consisting of a hazy opacity that does not obscure the underlying bronchial structures or pulmonary vessels. What is groundglass interstitial disease of the lung. Highresolution ct image through inferior hilum shows isolated diffuse ground glass opacity widely spread across both lungs. Differential diagnosis and management of focal groundglass. It is a form of lung disease that looks like ground glass on. It can be, and often is, a precusor to lung cancer. Groundglass opacity is defined as nonspecific increased opacity of the lung. The characteristics of patients with ggns are different from those of patients with typical lung cancer.
Interstitial lung disease describes a large group of lung disorders which cause progressive scarring of lung tissue, according to mayo clinic. Some patchy haziness is seen subpleural near the lung base posteriorly. I have another one on my right 2nd rib that is 8mm and ground glass also with multiple smaller ones in both lungs. Ground glass density in lungs answers on healthtap. The lesion may or may not include a solid component, figs 5a,, 6a, 27, 28. Groundglass opacification radiology reference article. Groundglass opacity is a frequent but nonspecific finding on highresolution. Atelectasis, consolidation, ground glass opacity, and mosaic attenuation gautham p. Interstitial lung disease describes a large group of lung disorders which cause progressive scarring of lung tissue, according. Ggo are usually described as either pure ground glass or part solid subsolid nodules.
Ground glass definition is glass with a lightdiffusing surface produced by etching or abrading. Ground glass infiltrates lungs things you didnt know. What is the recmmended treatment for lung ground glass. Groundglass opacity ggo is a radiological finding in computed tomography ct consisting of a hazy opacity that does not obscure the underlying bronchial structures or pulmonary vessels. Daniel rasband, grant berges, and marc gosselin there are a number of diseases that present with ground glass opacification of the lung as a primary manifestation on chest radiography and thinsection computed tomography ct. Focal pulmonary groundglass opacities ggos can be associated with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Can somebody please clear up ground glass opacity for me. Ground glass opacificationopacity ggo is a descriptive term referring to an area of increased attenuation in the lung on computed tomography ct with preserved bronchial and vascular markings. It is a nonspecific sign with a wide etiology including infection, chronic interstitial disease and acute alveolar disease. The appearance of ground glass opacity has been considered to reflect the replacement growth pattern of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, fig 5b.
A chest radiograph showed a bilateral micronodular pattern and an area of consolidation in the right lower lobe fig 1. Mosaic attenuation pattern in lung radiology reference. What does diffuse groundglass opacity to the lungs,most. Lung nodules are common and may be detected on a chest xray. Patchy abnormal increased density of the lung with preserved visibility of the underlying anatomy is called ground glass density. In pathology, honeycomb lung refers to the characteristic appearance of variably sized cysts in a background of densely scarred lung tissue. May 15, 2003 four months later, another thoracic ct scan showed that the pulmonary nodules and peripheral opacities had become less opaque and had assumed a groundglass appearance.
In conclusion, malignant ground glass opacities have a fairly typical appearance, but some benign lesions closely mimic their malignant counterparts. In chest radiology, reticular and linear opacification refers to a broad subgroup of pulmonary opacification caused by a decrease in the gas to soft tissue ratio due to a pathological process centered in or around the pulmonary interstitium. Keep reading to find out more about ground glass opacities and some specific treatment options. Its characteristic ct appearance is a round nodular ground glass opacity in a peripheral region of the lung. A woman with asthma and groundglass opacities annals of the. Ground glass definition of ground glass by merriamwebster. Bibasilar atelectasis is a condition that happens when you have a partial collapse of your lungs. A woman with asthma and groundglass opacities annals of.
Nodules that demonstrate groundglass opacity ggo on ct are particularly. Groundglass opacificationopacity ggo is a descriptive term referring to an area of increased attenuation in the lung on computed tomography ct with preserved bronchial and vascular markings. Groundglass definition of groundglass by medical dictionary. A ground glass lung result from a ct scan is a nonspecific finding that describes an area characterized by a small increase in lung density, explains the national institutes of health. Pure ggos are those with no solid components, whereas partsolid ggos contain both ggo and a solid component.
Can somebody please clear up ground glass opacity for me in. Groundglass opacity ggo is the descriptive term used to refer to this hazy area. The results were negative and my doctor told me he thought the markings in my lungs are due to scarring from my radiation treatments. I recently had ground glass opacities noted on both an xray and later a ct scan. A chest ct examination was obtained when her symptoms did not respond despite resumption of prednisone at 30 mg daily. The abnormal chest xray when to refer to a specialis t. Patients with early diffuse pulmonary infiltrative diseases are more likely to present with an area of ground glass opacity in the lung. Groundglass opacity lung nodules in the era of lung.
360 252 118 828 341 577 1493 1403 906 918 261 1275 631 1524 1499 1558 709 365 1169 967 298 661 163 1334 1170 870 122 324 497 1209 1455 562